Kev puas tsuaj ntuj ceeb tsheej yog ntuj tsim txaus ntshai heev, yog li ntawd cov hnub qub neeg tau tsim ntau txoj hauv kev los qhia txog lawv qhov pib. Tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej ceeb toom hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws kub tau tsim tawm. Thaum xub thawj, cov no yog cov khoom qub thiab cov khoom siv dog dig, uas tau hloov raws lub sijhawm.
Rynda uas yog txhais tau tias ceeb toom txog hluav taws
Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws hauv Ancient Russia tau suav hais tias yog kab mob thiab hluav taws. Nws yog qhov hluav taws kub uas tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj uas lawv tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov nroog, txij li ua ntej lawm ntau ntawm cov tsev tau tsa los ntawm cov ntoo.
Txawm tias ua ntej lub npe nrov tua hluav taws hauv Moscow, uas tau rhuav tshem ob feem peb ntawm txhua lub tsev, nroog thiab cov zej zog tau siv cov kev ceeb toom ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas yuav muaj, yog li nyob rau hauv cov saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, uas tau nyob ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm cov lej, lossis lub tswb nrov - tswb nrov tau nruab ntawm phab ntsa. Txhua tus neeg uas pom tias qhov hluav taws kub tau yuam lub suab nrov kom nrov lub tswb nrov, nthuav tawm cov lus ntawm teeb meem. Muaj tsis muaj hluav taws kub txog ntua thaum 1649, uas tau tua cov nplaim taws kom zoo tshaj plaws. Nws paub, piv txwv li, nyob hauv thaj av Volga, cov thawv ntim nrog cov xuab zeb tau muab tso rau txhua lub tsev kom txhawm rau txhawm rau tua hluav taws, thiab yog tias tus tswv tsev khaws lub thawv ntawd lossis siv rau lwm yam kev xav tau, raug nplua tseem ceeb. raug yuam. Qhov kev pabcuam tua hluav taws uas tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv cov nroog thiab cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam hauv xyoo 1649, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws kub, tau nruab nrog cov khw tshwj xeeb. Yav tom ntej, cov yees hluav taws tau tsim hauv txhua qhov kev sib hais haum, nyob hauv tib neeg ua lub luag haujlwm. Thaum lawv pom cov pa taws thiab hluav taws kub, lawv pib nrov lub tswb. Tom qab, cov neeg tuaj yeem lub tswb pob nrov tau tsiv mus rau lub nkoj, qhov twg tswb tseem siv rau kev ceeb toom.
Kev Ceeb Toom
Lwm cov haujlwm ceeb toom hluav taws kuj tau tsim nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Yog li ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv thawj zaug uas tau siv hauv Venice yog hlua ntawm ib qho hnyav uas tau muab tshem tawm. Thaum txoj hlua hlawv tawm, qhov hnyav poob rau cov hlau, uas rattled zog los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Ntxiv rau, tau muaj kev sim siv lub cuab yeej uas cuam tshuam nrog lub moos tsim. Cov cuab yeej no siv ib txoj hlua uas ncav thoob chav, thiab lub luag haujlwm tau dai rau tom kawg. Thaum hluav taws kub pib, lub xaim hluav taws kub tawm, lub load poob, yog li tso cov khoom taw qhia, thiab lub moos tswb pib nrov.
Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub telegraph tau tsim, uas tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis tseem ceeb ntawm kev ceeb toom txog hluav taws uas tau pib, tab sis cov cuab yeej no tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev faib kom zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev, vim tias thawj lub xov hluav taws xob tau kim, ntxiv mus, lawv tau nyiaj ntau, thiab rau kev ua haujlwm nws yuav tsum tau kawm Morse code.
Ob peb xyoos tom qab, lwm cov teeb tsa hluav taws tau nruab rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees: cov no yog cov khoom siv nrog pob qhov rooj uas yuav tsum tau tig kom lub teeb liab ceeb toom xa mus rau lub chaw tua hluav taws. Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm qhov ua haujlwm tau, nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov twg pom qhov hluav taws kub ntawm thaj chaw. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau pleev xim rau xim liab, uas hnub no tau dhau los ua cov cim ntawm lub chaw tua hluav taws.
